SI System of Units
Length → metre (m)
Mass → kilogram (kg)
Time → second (s)
Force → newton (N)
Work → joule (J)
Mass → kilogram (kg)
Time → second (s)
Force → newton (N)
Work → joule (J)
Other Systems of Units
F.P.S → foot, pound, second
C.G.S → centimetre, gram, second
C.G.S → centimetre, gram, second
Vernier Callipers
Least Count (L.C.) = 1 main scale div − 1 vernier scale div
Higher accuracy → smaller L.C.
Higher accuracy → smaller L.C.
Zero Error
Error when vernier zero does not coincide with main scale zero. Can be positive or negative.
Micrometer Screw Gauge
Least Count = Pitch ÷ No. of divisions on circular scale
Measures very small lengths (e.g., wire thickness).
Measures very small lengths (e.g., wire thickness).
Simple Pendulum
Time Period: T = 2Ï€√(l/g)
Frequency f = 1/T
Frequency f = 1/T
Graphical Analysis
Plot L (length) vs T² (time period²)
Slope gives value of g
Slope gives value of g
