Electricity Rainbow 🌈 mindmap

Speed Up Science
1

 CURRENT ELECTRICITY



Mind map of  current electricity 

● ELECTRIC POWER is generated at the GENERATING STATION at  11 kV and stepped up from 11 kV to 132 kV 

GRID-SUB-STATION this voltage is stepped down from 132 kV to 33 kV

At MAIN SUB STATION, it is further stepped down from 33 kV to 11 kV

At CITY SUB STATION, it is further stepped down from 11 kV to 220 V for supply to houses for consumers.

●  EARTHING: is done in a house near the kWh meter. Earthing is done for safety which puts the appliance at zero potential 

Colour coding: Live wire — Red or Brown

Neutral—Black or light blue

Earth wire — Green or yellow

●FUSE: “Is a device used to limit the current in an electric circuit”. The use of fuse protects the appliance in circuit from being damaged. Fuse is always connected in live wire. A fuse wire is an alloy of lead and tin  has

(i) High resistance

(ii) Low melting point.

● Pole fuse has current rating 50A.

Two types of fuses used at home . One of Rating 5A and another 15A. Higher is the rating , thicker IS This the wire

●These days miniature circuit breakers (MCB) are used. It is AUTOMATIC CIRCUIT breaker, when current flowing in  excess.

● Appliances in a house are connected in parallel.

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Terms to be remembered 

1. 1 coulomb of charge = charges on 6.25 x 10¹⁸ electrons 

2.Current Electricity is the rate of flow of charges.  I= Q/t

3. Current is said to be one ampere when 1 coulomb of charge flows per second 

4.Potential difference:- It is the amount of work done in moving a unit positive charge from one point to other.”

Potential difference V = Work done  / charge moved 

V = W/Q
Potential difference between two points is said to be one.volt when one joule of work is done in moving 1 coulomb of charge from one point to another. 

5.Electrical energy

 W = QV but I= Q/t

Hence, W = VIt

 or Electrical energy = VIt

6.Power:- It is “Rate of doing work”

P = W/t = VIt/t 

P= VI

7. Power is said to be one watt when one joule of work is done per second 

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Points to be remembered

  1. S.I. unit of charge is coulomb (C).
  2. S.I. unit of current is ampere (A).
  3. S.I. unit of P.D. is volt (V)
  4. S.I. unit of electrical energy is joule (J)
  5. S.I unit of power is watt (W)
  6. 1 watt= 1 J/s
  7. Commercial unit of electrical energy is kWh.

       1kWh = 3.6 x 10⁶ J

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To know

ELECTRIC POWER is generated at the GENERATING STATION at  11 kV as these stations are at very far off place from areas where it is to be used. The voltage (A.C.) is of 50 HZ frequency.

• This alternating current (A.C) voltage is stepped up from 11 kV to 132 kV to minimize the loss of energy in transmission line wires.

• At GRID-SUB-STATION this voltage is stepped down from 132 kV to 33 kV and transmitted to heavy industries  and main  SUB STATION

• At MAIN SUB STATION, it is further stepped down from 33 kV to 11 kV for supply to lighter industries and city sub station  .

• At CITY SUB STATION, it is further stepped down from 11 kV to 220 V for supply to houses for consumers.

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Static electricity rainbow mindmap and questions Answers

 ■  link to objective questions 

■  link to Questions  Answers current electricity

@ Link for question answer static electricity 


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